India’s Shift from Bangladesh to Nepal-Bhutan Route: A Strategic Railway Recalibration
In this article, we are going to explore a recent and significant development in India’s geopolitical and infrastructural strategy concerning connectivity to its Northeast states. Reports circulating across Indian and Bangladeshi media suggest that India has cut funding for several railway projects through Bangladesh that were aimed at enhancing connectivity between mainland India and the northeastern states like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Tripura, and others.
This move marks a strategic shift: instead of relying on Bangladesh, India is now exploring alternative railway routes via Nepal and Bhutan. Let’s understand what’s changing and why this development is critical.
Why India Halted Railway Projects in Bangladesh
Until recently, India had initiated multiple cross-border railway projects in partnership with Bangladesh. These included:
- Akhaura-Agartala Rail Link – connecting Tripura with Bangladesh.
- Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line – enabling trade access.
- Dhaka-Tongi-Joydebpur Expansion – enhancing connectivity within Bangladesh with spillover benefits for India.
These projects were designed with dual benefits: strengthening Bangladesh’s internal infrastructure and providing India with much-needed access to the Northeast without putting pressure on the narrow and strategically sensitive Siliguri Corridor (also known as the Chicken’s Neck).
However, recent political shifts in Bangladesh—especially with the rise of Muhammad Yunus’s policies—have led India to reassess its dependence on Bangladesh. Anti-India sentiments on Bangladeshi social media, provocative videos imagining attacks on India, and the rising influence of elements that oppose Indian cooperation have all contributed to the growing distrust.
Anti-India Sentiment and Political Shift in Bangladesh
There is a visible uptick in anti-India narratives within sections of Bangladeshi society, particularly online. Some videos depict hypothetical invasions of Indian territories, with exaggerated claims and military fantasies. While these may seem trivial, their widespread nature reflects a troubling shift in public sentiment.
A recent survey in Bangladesh showed that 41% of the population holds negative views about India, compared to only 28% disliking Pakistan—a nation with which Bangladesh fought a bloody war for independence. This irony hasn’t gone unnoticed in India.
Moreover, when Bangladesh recently blocked access for Indian goods and services, it became evident that future collaborations could be jeopardized by leadership changes. Muhammad Yunus, through his policies and statements—such as labeling Northeast India “landlocked” and implying Bangladesh is its “guardian”—has further strained ties.
The New Plan: Connecting Northeast via Nepal and Bhutan
In light of the changing dynamics, India is now planning an ambitious alternative. Instead of building vital railway lines through potentially hostile or unreliable terrain in Bangladesh, India is eyeing a new route:
- From mainland India into Nepal,
- Passing through Sikkim,
- Extending into Bhutan,
- And finally connecting with Northeast India.
This new plan offers several benefits:
- Reduces overdependence on Bangladesh
- Strengthens ties with Nepal and Bhutan
- Boosts infrastructure in Sikkim
- Improves trade and military mobility
The financial and logistical cost of this alternate route will be high—but the strategic gain, in terms of reliability and sovereignty, outweighs it.
What Went Wrong with Expectations from Bangladesh
India had placed significant faith in Sheikh Hasina’s government, assuming that stable leadership would ensure long-term cooperation. But Indian policymakers may have overlooked the depth of anti-India sentiment among the Bangladeshi populace.
Despite India’s pivotal role in Bangladesh’s independence and continued economic aid, large sections of Bangladeshi society continue to view India with suspicion. This cultural disconnect poses a long-term risk to any strategic projects that hinge on mutual goodwill.
Why Bhutan’s Role is Becoming Crucial
Recently, Bhutan’s King has made several visits to India. These aren’t just ceremonial—they are deeply strategic. India is keen on fast-tracking the first-ever India-Bhutan railway link, which will eventually serve as a critical node for Northeast connectivity.
An article titled “After Upsets in Myanmar and Bangladesh, India Rushes to Connect Bhutan with First Railway Network” explains this urgency. With Myanmar in chaos and Bangladesh becoming politically unstable for Indian interests, Bhutan presents a peaceful and cooperative neighbor.
Looking Ahead
India’s decision to explore alternative routes via Nepal and Bhutan is not merely a response to recent provocations—it’s a long-overdue strategic correction. A nation cannot afford to rely solely on a foreign country for access to its own territories, especially when public sentiment and leadership in that country become increasingly unpredictable.
Yes, ideally, the people and leadership of Bangladesh would have welcomed collaboration with India as a path toward regional prosperity. But as it stands today, India must diversify its strategic bets. And this shift towards Nepal and Bhutan is a step in the right direction.
Question for You
Before we wrap up, here’s a quick question for our curious minds:
Which country recently unveiled the world’s highest bridge—called the “Huang Grand Canyon Bridge”?
Options:
- Japan
- South Korea
- China
- Russia
Let me know your answer in the comment section—I’ll heart the correct one so everyone can learn.
Stay connected for further updates on this topic and many others related to national security, strategic infrastructure, and India’s growing role in the region.